The 29-year-old was competing in the F11 final, for athletes with visual impairment.
In one of most remarkable events on the programme, quiet was required during jumps, with the competitors listening intently to their guides to know when to leave the take-off board.
Katyshev leapt out to 6.46m with his first jump, and that proved enough to beat Elexis Gillette of the USA into silver, with China's Li Duan getting bronze.
The cheers were loud and clear as he celebrated his win in front of the crowd.
Also enjoying golden success was Russian Alexey Ashapatov, who added Shot Put gold to his Discus title in the F57/58 class.
The 38-year-old threw 16.20m, a Paralympic record, for 989 points to finish ahead of Poland's Janusz Rokicki, with South African Michael Louwrens getting the bronze.
Ashapatov's win means he has now successfully defended the two titles he won four years ago at Beijing 2008.
Mi Na led a Chinese one-two in the Shot Put - F37.
Mi threw a world record 12.20m to leave her compatriot Xu Qiuping with the silver with a mark of 11.04m. Czech Eva Berna took the bronze.
Jamaica's Alphanso Cunningham won gold in the Javelin - F52/53, Iran's Abdolreza Jokar and Mexico's Mauro Maximo de Jesus taking silver and bronze respectively.
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