Svoboda, the 2010 European champion, went into the combined event in first place after a strong showing in the early elements.
He was the leading athlete in the fencing, the Czech equalling the Olympic record with 26 victories for 1024 points.
After the swimming and riding, he entered the combined event, where he overcame China's Cao Zhongrong on the final 1km run while Adam Marosi of Hungary won bronze.
Reflecting on his victory, the 27-year-old military officer Svoboda said: 'It sounds like a cliche, but this is a dream come true.'
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