The 34-year-old - the World Championship bronze medallist - underwent surgery on a knee problem in Rome on Wednesday, the Italian Athletics Federation confirmed.
Di Martino originally suffered the injury to her left knee at a training camp in Tenerife in April.
The operation was successful, but her recovery is expected to take three to four months.
Di Martino, the European indoor champion, had been one of Italy's leading medal hopes.
She followed up her third-place finish at last year's World Championships in Daegu by taking silver at the World Indoor Championships in Istanbul in March.
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